Explain the "Reduction'' in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples.
Reduction is the loss of oxygen.
For example :
$(i)$ $\mathop {C{O_2}\, + \,{H_2}\, \to \,CO}\limits_{{\text{Removal of oxygen - reduction}}} \, + \,{H_2}O$
$(ii)$ $\mathop {CuO\, + {H_2}\,\xrightarrow{\Delta }\,Cu}\limits_{{\text{Loss of oxgyen - reduction}}} \, + \,{H_2}O$
In equation $(i)$, $CO_2$ is reduced to $CO$ and in equation $(ii)$, $CuO$ is reduced to $Cu$.
What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions ? Give examples.
Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
$(a)$ Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
$(b)$ Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulpur dioxide.
$(c)$ Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate.
$(d)$ Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions.
$(i)$ $4 Na ( s )+ O _{2}( g ) \rightarrow 2 Na _{2} O ( s )$
$(ii)$ $CuO ( s )+ H _{2}( g ) \rightarrow Cu ( s )+ H _{2} O ( l )$
What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings ? Tick the correct answer.
Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.
$(i)$ Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
$(ii)$ Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water.